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                <text>Postal Routes of the Russian Empire</text>
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                <text>The David Rumsey Map Collection [https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/m/RUMSEY~8~1~310815~90080526/manifest]</text>
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                <text>Pochtovaia karta Rossiiskoi Imperii. Chast 2</text>
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                <text>Andrei Makarov</text>
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                <text>1842</text>
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                <text>Map illustrating the Russian postal routes across its entire territory. Given the size of the Russian empire in 1842, this large-scale map is notable for its elaborate details on geography, distances, and villages.</text>
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Map designed by Andrei Makarov, showing the postal routes, published by the Military-Topographic Bureau, delivered from local Provincial authorities. Part 1 showing internal provinces and regions, the Grand Duchy of Finland and the Kingdom of Poland; Part 2 Showing the Siberian province, the Yakut region and the Maritime Administration. Includes title cartouche, inset and legend. Relif shown by hachures."},{"label":"Country","value":"Russia"},{"label":"Subject","value":"Postal"},{"label":"Full Title","value":"Pochtovaia karta Rossiiskoi Imperii, sostavlennaia Pochtovym Departamentom ... Chast 1, soderzhashchaia vsei vnutrennaia gubernii, Tsarstvo Polskoe i drugiia vnov prisoedinennyia oblasti. Pochtovaia karta : Chast 2, soderzhashchaia Sibirskaia gubernii i oblasti po posliednemu ikh razdieleniiu. Pri Voyenno-Topograficheskom Byuro, 1842. Sostavlial' A. Makarov."},{"label":"List No","value":"13095.003"},{"label":"Page No","value":"chast 2"},{"label":"Series No","value":"3"},{"label":"Publication Author","value":"Makarov, Andrei"},{"label":"Pub Date","value":"1842"},{"label":"Pub Title","value":"Pochtovaia karta Rossiiskoi Imperii, sostavlennaia Pochtovym Departamentom ... Chast 1, soderzhashchaia vsei vnutrennaia gubernii, Tsarstvo Polskoe i drugiia vnov prisoedinennyia oblasti. Pochtovaia karta : Chast 2, soderzhashchaia Sibirskaia gubernii i oblasti po posliednemu ikh razdieleniiu. Pri Voyenno-Topograficheskom Byuro, 1842. Sostavlial' A. Makarov."},{"label":"Pub Note","value":"Alexander Johnson: \"This is a splendid 2-part set of large-format postal maps of the Russian Empire; with a map of European Russia and separate map of Siberia. It was made by the cartographer Andrey Makarov for the Russian Postal Department and lithographed in St. Petersburg by the Military Topographical Institute. It is an updated, re-lithographed version of Makarov\u2019s 1824 maps set which carries the distinction of being the first large format postal maps of Russia. The quality of the lithography, design and the fine watercolouring of this 1842 edition is very high, and this particular example has the maps bordered in green silk and housed within an elaborate full calf-gilt slipcase, making it a marquis example. Both the Russia in Europe and the Siberia postal maps showcase vast territories to a grand scale allowing a level of detail seldom possible on maps of such vast scope. The physical geography follows the most recent surveys from the Imperial Academy of Sciences, with coastlines, rivers and lakes carefully delineated; mountain ranges in European Russia are well defined, while such areas in Siberia are less precise. Each major jurisdiction (guberniyaor oblast) is outlined in its own brilliant hue of original colour, while county lines are carefully traced within. All cities, towns and villages of any consequence are marked, corresponding to their size as noted on the maps\u2019 key. Most interestingly, every postal route of the empire is carefully delineated on both maps with the distances in versts, an archaic Russian form of measurement equivalent to 1.07 km, marked at frequent intervals. The postal route information is predicated on the best sources from local officials, as well as the postal couriers themselves. The map of European Russia, which is designated as \u2018Part I\u2019 embraces a vast area from the Arctic Ocean to the Black and Caspian Sea and from Central Europe over to the Ural Mountains. Notably, the Russian Empire then ruled a large portion of Poland (\u2018Congress Poland\u2019), including Warsaw; as well as Finland and the Baltic Countries. Russia had also consociated it control over the Caucuses. Of note, the guberniya of St. Petersburg is fully shaded in purple, while the guberniya of Moscow is fully shaded in pink (as opposed to outline colour), so designating them as special postal zones with more comprehensive levels service owing to their large and dense populations. The map of Asiatic Russia, referred to as \u2018Part II\u2019 embraces all of Siberia, from the Urals to Kamchatka. It is important to remember that in 1842, Russia did not yet control Turkestan (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, etc., which would be conquered starting in the 1870s) or the future Primorsky Krai region in the Far East (the Vladivostok region, which would be taken from China in 1860). While less detailed (as the Siberia was sparsely populated) than the map of European Russia, in some ways it is the more interesting of the pair due to the awesome distances traversed by the postal routes, which represent noting but a triumph of human perseverance. The map takes in Siberia during a critical time at the beginning of the \u2018Great Game\u2019, the contest between Russia and Britain for mastery of the interior of Asia. The map shows that in addition to the well-established roughly 4,000-mile main postal line from the Urals to Okhotsk (the main Russian port on the Pacific), various spur portal routes had been recently opened to service the new settlements that had been founded to strengthen Russia\u2019s hold over Siberia. The size and detail of the present Asiatic Russia map is remarkable, as Siberia normally only appears as an inset upon contemporary thematic maps of the empire. The map set, although made by the Military Topographical Bureau, evinces a \u2018boutique\u2019 quality of craftmanship from the time before the era of mass cartographic production in Russia (which commenced with the founding of the Ilyin firm in 1859). The quality of the lithography is very high, and the map was carefully constructed entirely by hand using top quality materials. The present example is evidently a deluxe edition, as the maps are lined in green silk and housed within a full calf slipcase, created in St. Petersburg, bearing elaborate gilt and blind-stamped tooling; attributes lacking on the other examples of the map of which we are aware. It would be safe to assume that this set was made for an especially esteemed client.\""},{"label":"Pub List No","value":"13095.000"},{"label":"Pub Type","value":"Case Map"},{"label":"Pub Maps","value":"2"},{"label":"Pub Height cm","value":"23"},{"label":"Pub Width cm","value":"16"},{"label":"Image No","value":"13095003.jp2"},{"label":"Download 1","value":"&lt;a href=https://www.davidrumsey.com/rumsey/download.pl?image=/179/13095003.jp2 target=_blank&gt;Full Image Download in JP2 Format&lt;/a&gt;"},{"label":"Download 2","value":"&lt;a href=\"https://www.extensis.com/support/geoviewer-9\" target=\"_blank\"&gt;GeoViewer for JP2 and SID files&lt;/a&gt;"},{"label":"Authors","value":"Makarov, Andrei"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/RUMSEY~8~1~310815~90080526/full/!96,96/0/default.jpg","format":"image/jpeg"},"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/RUMSEY~8~1~310815~90080526/full/!1024,1024/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/RUMSEY~8~1~310815~90080526","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json","protocol":"http://iiif.io/api/image"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":21400,"height":14154},"on":"https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/m/RUMSEY~8~1~310815~90080526/canvas/c1"}],"width":21400,"height":14154}</text>
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                <text>This map is important because it demonstrates the natural resource most abundant in Sevastopol- its bays. These bays are naturally fortified by the cliffs pictured with hachures, and the depths are noted in this map as well. These cliffs, depths, and narrow Great Bay opening all contributed to this location being established as the Naval Base for the Russian Black Sea Fleet. (Sydorenko, Crimean Port Cities and Their Hinterland Connections)  </text>
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                <text>This core map is significant to my geographical feature of Nizhni-Novgorod because it is an excellent example of lithography, the reference grid navigation system, and has a detailed list of features within the city/fair while showing its strategic location at the confluence of two major rivers (Volga/Oka) in 1914.  When telling the story of Nizhni-Novgorod, seeing all the available options of transportation (both within and without) the city is vital when looking through the lens of transportation and trade in the Russian Empire.</text>
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                <text>Carte de la Sibérie contenant l'indication des travaux exécutés à propos desk entreprises auxiliaires du Transsibérien</text>
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                <text>This map is significant for its rendering of topographic information that allows the viewer to understand the city of Sevastopol in its geographic context. It informs you of the scale of the cliffs and the walled nature of the bays with artistic depictions that provide a different emphasis than that which can be conveyed through a top-down view provided with hachures and 2-dimensional graphics. The unique horizon-oriented ariel angle of the map also serves to show Sevastopol in a broader context, including coasts and mountains north of the city. </text>
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                <text>Nouvelle Carte des Decouvertes faites par des Vaisseaux Russiens Aux côtes inconnues de l'Amerique Septentrionale Avec les Pais adiacents: Dressée sur des memoires authentiques de ceux qui ont assisté a ces decouvertes, et sur d'autres Connoissances.</text>
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                <text>Gerard Fridrikh Miller (Gerhard Friedrich Müller; Фёдор Ива́нович Ми́ллер; Fyodor Ivanovich Miller) - One of the academics from the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences tasked with studying Siberia and gathering data for the creation of maps.</text>
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                <text>Paolo Santini, after Philippe Buache/Joseph Nicolas de L'Isle; after Gilles and Didier Robert de Vaugondy</text>
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