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                <text>Map of 1892 Cholera Epidemic Per Capita Cases and Deaths</text>
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                <text>Map of 1892 Cholera Epidemic Per Capita Cases and Deaths</text>
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                <text>1 of a series of maps made in ArcGIS by Hal Stuart. Link to the interactive map with all layers here: arcg.is/fHb8y . Intended as an updated version of Clemow’s Map of 1892 Russia. Made with data largely from Clemow’s own tables in The Cholera Epidemic of 1892 in the Russian Empire. Also made with 1897 census data provided in digital form by the University of Heidelberg. River data drawn from naturalearthdata.com/downloads/ . Thank you to Dr. O’Neill for providing the file for the provincial data layer.</text>
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                <text>Clemow, Frank G. 1893. The Cholera Epidemic of 1892 in the Russian Empire : with Notes Upon Treatment and Methods of Disinfection in Cholera, and a Short Account of the Conference on Cholera Held in St. Petersburg in December, 1892. St.-Peterburg : London ; New York: Knizhnyĭ magazin K.L. Rikker ; Longmans, Green and Co.36</text>
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                <text>1 of a series of maps made in ArcGIS by Hal Stuart. Link to the interactive map with all layers here: arcg.is/fHb8y . Intended as an updated version of Clemow’s Map of 1892 Russia. Made with data largely from Clemow’s own tables in The Cholera Epidemic of 1892 in the Russian Empire. Also made with 1897 census data provided in digital form by the University of Heidelberg. River data drawn from naturalearthdata.com/downloads/ . Thank you to Dr. O’Neill for providing the file for the provincial data layer.</text>
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                <text>Clemow, Frank G. 1893. The Cholera Epidemic of 1892 in the Russian Empire : with Notes Upon Treatment and Methods of Disinfection in Cholera, and a Short Account of the Conference on Cholera Held in St. Petersburg in December, 1892. St.-Peterburg : London ; New York: Knizhnyĭ magazin K.L. Rikker ; Longmans, Green and Co.36&#13;
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                <text>Ivan Sablin et al., “Transcultural Empire: Geographic Information System of the 1897 and 1926 General Censuses in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union,” heiDATA (heiDATA, October 9, 2018), https://heidata.uni-heidelberg.de/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi%3A10.11588%2Fdata%2F10064.&#13;
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                <text>An 1891 map of East Asia, with an especially clear map of Sahalin Island and the surrounding region, which Anthony Chekhov journeyed through during the cholera outbreak hitting the area in 1889.</text>
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                <text>David Rumsey Collection, Source URL: https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~330422~90098953:Section-9-Henze-s-Erd-Globus-?sort=Pub_List_No_InitialSort%2CPub_Date%2CPub_List_No%2CSeries_No&amp;qvq=q:Asia%201890;sort:Pub_List_No_InitialSort%2CPub_Date%2CPub_List_No%2CSeries_No;lc:RUMSEY~8~1&amp;mi=3&amp;trs=40#.  </text>
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                <text>The map “Section 9 Henze’s Urde-Globus” is one of 24 globe gores printed on thin paper. According to the David Rumsey Collection, between 1885 ad 1890 the magazines included segments for a German terrestrial globe, which–when collected in their entirety–could be mounted by the publisher for a fee. Very few completed globes are known to remain in existence, and tend to be found in such esteemed locations as the director’s room of the Museum of Natural History in Vienna, and the Duke of Ftirstenberg’s castle. What makes it of special interest for my project–charting Anthony Chekhov’s flight from cholera in 1890, and its impact on his response to the Russian outbreak nearing his district in 1892–is the inclusion of trade routes. On board the steamer “Baikal” in 1890, Chekhov describes the quarantines shutting off ports in the region, especially Japan, and fear of cholera in the nearest cities. The map reveals that Chekhov lists the cities in the order he could expect to experience them on his journey home–”Vladivostok, Japan, Shanghai, Tchifu, Suez,” as he describes the spread of fear of cholera, and just how drastically different the experience would be from his 3,000 mile, predominantly land-based journey to Saharin, in the first place. In particular, the map reveals that essentially all routes from Vladivostok would have expected to port in Japan, and indeed, just how unnatural–even risky–it would have been to attempt to hold out for any port beyond Japan, without stopping at one of Japan’s many ports, first. This belies the full extent of the fear of cholera, and the severity of the pandemic to encourage such a revenue-losing policy amongst an industry dependent on international trade and enterprise.</text>
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                <text>For "Pub references," read two pages of magazine ‘Illustrierter Anzeiger für Contor und Bureau:" https://rumsey5.s3.amazonaws.com/Henze.pdf.</text>
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                <text>Henze's Erd-Globus. Sections 1-24, with polar caps.</text>
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                <text>The postal road map hints at population density, data not readily available from other types of sources. On top of density, it also captures the shape of population distribution within a given region (This claim is not based on any serious research; I am writing this text only for demo). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The European part of Russia&lt;/strong&gt; with high population density has the highest road density, decreasing to north and east. The density of roads in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts is the lowest, and many of them are not connected to the federal network. The postal road density corresponds to the severity of cholera casualty. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;em&gt;configuration&lt;/em&gt; of the road network in the European part of the country is star-shaped, inherited from the network of the cart roads of the Russian Empire: all the main roads diverge by rays from Moscow. This topology of the network may have resulted from horizontal links between cities and regions of the country.</text>
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                <text>Map of western Russia showing the Jewish Pale of Settlement</text>
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                <text>Isidore Singer and Cyrus Adler</text>
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                <text>The Jewish Encyclopedia; a Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day (1901)</text>
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                <text>The Russian Empire was a multinational state, and the Jews were a significant minority group in the empire. The Tsarist government imposed many restrictions on the Jews, including geographical confinement. Jews had to live in the Pale of &lt;br /&gt;Settlement, which was located in the western part of the Russian Empire.The Pale spanned across all of modern day Belarus, Lithuania, and Moldova, the vast majority of Ukraine and Latvia, much of modern day Poland, as well as the Western parts of modern day Russia. By 1885, there were more than 4 million Jews living in the Pale.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Within the Pale, there were some towns (such as Kiev) where Jews could only live if they had special residence permits. Similarly, some Jews were allowed to live outside the Pale with special permission, although this was rare. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Before you is a map of the Pale of Settlement from 1901. As you can see, The Pale covered a huge area that consisted of more than 20 gubernii or provinces. On this map, the province names are written in capital letters and the towns are in lower case. There are also some rivers noted on the map. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The map legend details the percentages of Jews that lived in each of the provinces of the Pale. As noted, the Northwestern area had the highest percentage of Jews within the provinces. In areas such as Grodno and Minsk, more than 15% of the population was Jewish.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This map is important due to the fact that it visually demonstrates the confinement and segregation of the Jews within the Russian Empire. Understanding the geographical restrictions of living in the Pale gives context to the history of the Jews in the Russian Empire. Visualizing the vast area of the Pale as well as the percentage of Jews in each town, demonstrates the size and significance of the Jewish population in Russia. The map conveys the demographics of the Jews and enables a broader understanding of their circumstances. The geographical picture obtained from this map, frames the conditions that influenced the massive migration of more than 2 million Jews from Russia.</text>
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                <text>Iven Shishkin</text>
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                <text>Transportation Map of the Russian Empire:  Nizhni-Novgorod Inset</text>
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                <text>This map from 1854 places Nizhni-Novgorod in context of the transportation system (rail and road) of the Russian Empire as a whole.  It shows its geographical significance as a major transportation hub within the Empire by receiving its own inset, 1 of only 6 represented.  Interestingly, the legend to the right explains that the roads are classified into three categories: major post (highways), regional, and rural (dirt).</text>
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                <text>David Rumsey Historical Map Collection </text>
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                <text>[https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~325279~90094240:-Transportation-Map-Of-The-Russian-]</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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