9 10 173 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperialmap/original/e2e635d3e6d0e75045ea8ecde4033243.jpg 4bbf59bd86f74f6a2cde69ed902991c3 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. URL https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1mdq5o5/TN_cdi_gale_digitalcollections_CRUCZE487929788 Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Map Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Telegrafnaia Karta Rossiiskoi Imperii, Masshtab; 40 Verst V Angliiskom; Diumie. 9 Sh. 35796. (4.) Subject The topic of the resource Maps Russian Empire Telegraphs Communication Maps Description An account of the resource This map shows the telegraphic network present in the Russian Empire in 1895. Telegraph lines are shown in red, and telegraph stations are marked with red dots. Black lines indicate roads and other paths of postal travel such as steamship routes. This map is entirely focused on the territory of the Russian Empire and contains almost no information about areas on its border. As this map is not focused on travel infrastructure, it does not tell us a great deal about the physical spread of cholera. The information that can be gleaned from this map instead, is how information about cholera may have traveled across the Russian Empire. The map suggests a Russia that was more interconnected by communication than it had ever been before. This idea begs several questions. How did this dynamic change social structures? How did it change cultural narratives? How can we relate these ideas to major outbreaks of cholera and the social unrest that followed? A more focused line of questioning could concentrate on the role that class may have played in relation to this telecommunication network. Was access to information determined by social class? Was there an appreciable difference in the time it took for information to disseminate to people of different social and economic standings? This line of thinking might also lead us to think about the map in more specific spatial terms. Can we notice any discrepancies in how this telecommunication network is distributed? A followup idea to this could be comparing the economic or political contexts of areas found to have noticeably different telecommunication infrastructure. How might these potential differences have affected the outcomes of cholera outbreaks? A potential limitation of this map is that it offers us no information about the telecommunication infrastructure of territories bordering the Russian Empire. As the cholera epidemics we are investigating were global phenomena, having a better understanding of global telecommunications could prove relevant in contextualizing the case study of the effects in the Russian empire. Being able to compare relative development and advancement of telecommunication infrastructure could potentially help us to arrive at conclusions drawn from the outcomes of cholera epidemics in their respective regions. As it stands, this map is likely to be most effectively utilized in comparing and contrasting outcomes of locations contained within the Russian Empire. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A. Ilyin's Cartographic Establishment. St. Petersburg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived British Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1895 Relation A related resource Archive: Mapping the World: Maps and Travel Literature Collection: British Library: 19th Century European Sheet Maps Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Russian Type The nature or genre of the resource Primary Source Media Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Manuscript Number: 35796. (4.) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Russian Empire, 1895 IIIF Item Metadata UUID d86f573a-e36b-4198-98fd-f821f4862c4b 1895 19th Century Russia Russian Empire Telecommunications Telegraph https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperialmap/original/631162a670d4901d0463a924fa4c77b8.jpg aab934ad8678bfbf7e3a6a2c3bc6f1d6 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Atlas Map Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 41 cm by 32 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russie. Grave par L. Smith. Dresse Sous La Direction De J. Migeon Par Ch. Lacoste. Migeon, editeur, imp, r. du Moulin Vert, Paris. Ecrit par A. Bizet. (1892). Fillatreau del. and Soudain sc. (for vignette). Subject The topic of the resource 1892 Atlas Map of the Russian Empire Description An account of the resource Publisher's Note: Philips listing under Desbuissons. Other Phillips editions in 1891 and 1898. See our 1902 edition. A late date for an atlas to have hand colored maps, as this does. With a large folding railroad map of Europe in the back. The vignette views are on every map and are very attractive. Full color maps. Atlas is bound in red cloth covered boards with "Nouvel Atlas Illustre. Geographie Universelle." stamped in gold on the front cover and spine. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Desbuissons, L.E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Nouvel Atlas Illustre Geographie Universelle. Comprenant La Geographie, L'Histoire, L'Administration, La Statistique, Etc. Scientifique, Industriel Et Commercial Dresse, Dessine Et Grave Par Mm. Desbuissons, Lorsignol, Lacoste, Fillatreau, Lecocq, Smith, Bizet, Fontaine, Barbier, Soudain, Etc. Texte par M.A. Martineau. 1892. Paris, Direction Et Administration, 11, Rue Du Moulin-Vert, 11. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Direction & Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1892 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Migeon, J. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rumsey Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Atlas Map, 44cm by 32 cm. Language A language of the resource French Type The nature or genre of the resource Atlas Map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P964 (1891 edition). Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Scale 10,000,000. Map shows railways, borders, city locations, rivers, and coastlines in detail. IIIF Item Metadata UUID e60c0e5d-ccf7-40cc-8b6f-f432fac80fb5 1892 19th Century railroad railroad map Russia IIIF Item Metadata UUID 9a3abaae-4306-464e-a087-b94ec7260bf5 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperialmap/original/3f6402aaa301dd1fe892904fd5c72a86.png 95ed00e9c571f4fde1d4a2781019a821 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1916 Map of Nizhni Novgorod Subject The topic of the resource Map of Nizhni Novgorod Fair Description An account of the resource This 1916 map is an intriguing window for those interested in Nizhni Novgorod regarding how the town and fair were spatially oriented. Note the Volga and Oka Rivers. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Imperiia: a spatial history of the Russian Empire. “Imperiia: A Fair Place for Industry: The National Trade Fair of Nizhnii Novgorod and Industry.” Accessed January 18, 2022. https://scalar.fas.harvard.edu/imperiia/a-fair-place-for-industry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Map Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Map IIIF Item Metadata UUID 98603650-5d6d-4807-8aa0-67d599d0f2f6 Fair Volga River https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperialmap/original/12a259d96e3dca349b9961c427d22077.jpg 38fd4015281732a041d478a9ff70f6e6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The principal street in the fair, Nijni-Novgorod, Russia Subject The topic of the resource Fairs--Russia (Federation)--Nizhniĭ Novgorod--1900-1910 - Carriages & coaches--Russia (Federation)--Nizhniĭ Novgorod--1900-1910 - Streets--Russia (Federation)--Nizhniĭ Novgorod--1900-1910 Description An account of the resource The principal street in the fair, Nijni-Novgorod, Russia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource North Bennington, Vt. : H.C. White Co., c1902. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.loc.gov/item/89715944/ https://www.loc.gov/resource/stereo.1s36469/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Library of Congress Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource H.C. White Co. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No known restrictions on publication. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Photo,Print IIIF Item Metadata UUID 23a60173-2a8f-460e-82e4-8adcb88b0dda 1902 fairs Nizhny Novgorod photo https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperialmap/original/eeac06dbaa7bdbec66470954b5f63d9a.jpg 700ac72869601e3f4b88f3a0e44f14fd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The principal street in the fair, Nijni-Novgorod, Russia Subject The topic of the resource The principal street in the fair, Nijni-Novgorod, Russia Description An account of the resource Print, Photo Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Library of Congress Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource H.C. White Co., publisher Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No known restrictions on publication. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Jpg Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource photo, print IIIF Item Metadata UUID 3d152391-aea5-4594-8bcb-66ec2ef2570f fairs Nizhny Novgorod photo Russia https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperialmap/original/8cb27c50b9f4a8d6efa8580cc4a2704d.jpeg 77fe870dc797ca8bca43ade9f0b0294f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1892 Map of the Spread of Cholera in Imperial Russia Subject The topic of the resource Cholera Epidemic 1892 Description An account of the resource This image contains an epidemiological map depicting the spread of the 1892 Cholera Epidemic across Imperial Russia, which claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. The map is one of only a handful of Cholera maps to have been printed entirely in Russian Cyrillic, and was lithographed in St. Petersburg not long after the outbreak by C. de Castelli. The map showcases both the western side of the Russian Empire and the eastern landscape up until Lake Baikal. On the map are a series of red arrows starting out near the Caspian Sea, where the epidemic first entered Russian territory from Persia through present-day Mashad, Iran. As an observer follows the red arrows from the Caspian Sea, it becomes evident that the Cholera cases were directly connected to waterway and railway systems further emphasizing the disease's infectious nature from a geographical standpoint. From the Persian border, Cholera spread across the Caspian Sea, through the Caucasus region and then up across the Steppes to infect Kiev, Moscow, St. Petersburg and Warsaw. Castelli's use of the arrows visually conveys the chaotic nature of how the infection spread in many directions as it travelled from town to town. The map shows how the epidemic moved east across Siberia through several major towns and seemingly weakened as it travelled along with some areas being relatively untouched. Despite the rural lifestyle and poor hygiene of some eastern Siberian towns, such as Irkutsk, they seemed to naturally avoid the intensity of Cholera due to higher quality of water and the natural dilution that might have occurred as Cholera travelled along major rivers like the Volga River out of the Caspian Sea. This was not the first outbreak of Cholera in the Russian Empire but it clearly had a widespread impact as depicted through this map. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource C. de Castelli Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. Petersburg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1893 Language A language of the resource Russian Cyrillic Type The nature or genre of the resource Map IIIF Item Metadata UUID 4f0da893-0b9b-4c95-a38e-b15dc8158a02 1892 Cholera Epidemic Spread St. Petersburg https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperialmap/original/ad0999548e7ad8b506ba115db2422815.jpeg 1eda187daf8585f2a9effeb3dae9abf6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1890 Map of the Regions of Precious Metals in Imperial Russia Subject The topic of the resource Precious Metals Industry during the Cholera Epidemic of 1892 in Russia Description An account of the resource In 1890, Jlyne created this visual representation of the production of precious metals across the landscape of the Russian Empire. The map is centered on the Siberian territory with a clear landscape view starting from Warsaw in the far west stretching all the way to the coastline of Vladivostok in the far east. How the vantage point was stretched out in the making of this map reveals the message that mining for precious metals was a far reaching industry that touched most parts of the empire in some form or fashion. The legend at the bottom left tells the observer where they can find gold mines, gold production centers, silver production centers, and platinum production centers. Although the source doesn't acknowledge the map's origins, it is likely that it may have been connected to the Gokhran of Russia, which has served as Russia's state treasury and ministry of finance since its formation in 1719. The map reveals that towns like Ekaterinburg, Tomsk, Yeniseisk, Udsk, and others were some of the greatest contributors to Imperial Russia's precious metal industry. The differing marks of the gold mines also cause the observer to consider how the mining sites may have differed depending on the landscape which consequently might have affected the work experience of displaced serfs in 1890. The railways between the mines that stretched across the landscape show how the towns were connected and how workers could travel from one site to the next. When considering the period of time that this map was published, it's important to acknowledge that just two years later the Cholera Epidemic of 1892 broke out on the Persian border near the Caspian Sea. These railway systems and industry hubs might have contributed to the spread of the disease and impacted the protocols that guided mining production. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jlyne, A. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Library of Congress Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 1 map : col. ; 30 x 51 cm. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Map IIIF Item Metadata UUID 0d7608f8-40b5-4842-83be-67399e3b55fd 1890 gold platinum precious metals Russia silver https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperialmap/original/a1518046741573d7c77b13a46e7615d4.jpg c9bd51ec7cda6ee445a563e956a85439 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Russia Showing the Districts Affected by the Famine Subject The topic of the resource Russian Famine of 1891 Description An account of the resource Is this map of famine across Russia in 1891 a telescope into the future of the 1892 cholera epidemic? Historians are not clear as to the role Russia's 1891 famine played in setting the stage for cholera. This map shows least affected famine areas as well as most affected areas. The most affected provinces are located immediately on the Volga River. It seems that these areas were so affected that the map maker broke from their convention used for the rest of the map of highlighting by province to focus on areas with either high or low effect. See east of Saratof as an example. Because the map compares "most" versus "least" affected regions, it is unclear as to what the unmarked sections of the map represent. Perhaps these areas had average amounts of famine, or possibly they had no famine at all. This map was published in a London newspaper entitled The Graphic on January 9, 1892, so it is likely a fair assumption that the data represented was referenced only from 1891 and before, and it did not account for any cholera destruction that would ensue in the summer of 1892. Another interesting thing to take note of is that most of the famine areas exist along the Volga River, but there are two notable exceptions: Tula and Ufa. Thus, this map makes it clear that famine was not restricted to areas that were affected by the weather, flooding, trade, and travel patterns of the Volga. This map was used as an illustration in an article that indicated it was “made on behalf of the Imperial Relief Organisation.” The article states, that “all Central and Eastern, and in a greater part of Southern Russia the distress is exceedingly serious.” This fascinating artifact gives us a glimpse into the famine-struck areas of a nation right before a large cholera outbreak. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Typo. Etching Co. Sc. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Graphic Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 9, 1892 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1mdq5o5/TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1693139329 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Russia Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Imperial Relief Organization Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Journal article image Type The nature or genre of the resource Map Image IIIF Item Metadata UUID 7d37a708-83de-468a-bb22-64c872d29794 1891 Famine Penza Samara Saratov Simbirsk Tula Ufa Volga https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperialmap/original/dfa72e017291281877825e0698e01924.jpg 8d6821559626b5c8c7ceff206fb46a52 Hyperlink A link, or reference, to another resource on the Internet. URL https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~30719~1150646:European-Russia-?sort=pub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_date%2Cpub_list_no%2Cseries_no&qvq=q:European%20Russia;sort:pub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_date%2Cpub_list_no%2Cseries_no;lc:RUMSEY~8~1&mi=79&trs=613# Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource European Russia Description An account of the resource Color map of Russia showing Capitals of Governments, Towns, Villages, Railroads, Telegraph Lines, Canals, Rivers, Wells Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cassell & Company Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~30719~1150646:European-Russia-?sort=pub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_date%2Cpub_list_no%2Cseries_no&qvq=q:European%20Russia;sort:pub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_date%2Cpub_list_no%2Cseries_no;lc:RUMSEY~8~1&mi=79&trs=613#" title="European Russia">David Ramsey Historical Map Collection</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Times, London Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1895 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Andree, Richard Language A language of the resource English Subject The topic of the resource Map of European Russia c.1895 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rumsey Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource World Atlas IIIF Item Metadata UUID 42e9a38a-735e-4a0b-b1cd-5e3c3e7457f1 1800s 1895 canals Cholera Cities Epidemic Government Capitals railroad map Russia Russian Empire Telegraph towns Volga River